![]() How to Setup NFS (Network File System) on RHEL/Cent. OS/Fedora and Debian/Ubuntu. NFS (Network File System) is basically developed for sharing of files and folders between Linux/Unix systems by Sun Microsystems in 1. It allows you to mount your local file systems over a network and remote hosts to interact with them as they are mounted locally on the same system. With the help of NFS, we can set up file sharing between Unix to Linux system and Linux to Unix system. Setup NFS Server and NFS Client in Linux. Benefits of NFSNFS allows local access to remote files. It uses standard client/server architecture for file sharing between all *nix based machines. With NFS it is not necessary that both machines run on the same OS. With the help of NFS we can configure centralized storage solutions. Users get their data irrespective of physical location. No manual refresh needed for new files. Newer version of NFS also supports acl, pseudo root mounts. Can be secured with Firewalls and Kerberos. NFS Services. Its a System V- launched service. The NFS server package includes three facilities, included in the portmap and nfs- utils packages. It maps calls made from other machines to the correct RPC service (not required with NFSv. It translates remote file sharing requests into requests on the local file system. This service is responsible for mounting and unmounting of file systems. Important Files for NFS Configuration/etc/exports : Its a main configuration file of NFS, all exported files and directories are defined in this file at the NFS Server end./etc/fstab : To mount a NFS directory on your system across the reboots, we need to make an entry in /etc/fstab./etc/sysconfig/nfs : Configuration file of NFS to control on which port rpc and other services are listening. Setup and Configure NFS Mounts on Linux Server. To setup NFS mounts, we’ll be needing at least two Linux/Unix machines. This howto shows how to use the new tools preupgrade assistant and redhat-upgrade-tool to upgrade from CentOS 6.5 to CentOS 7. Here in this tutorial, I’ll be using two servers. NFS Server: nfsserver.
Vagrantbox.es. Vagrant is an amazing tool for managing virtual machines via a simple to use command line interface. With a simple vagrant up you can be working in a. ![]() Install Centos From Nfs Shared FileIP- 1. 92. 1. 68. NFS Client : nfsclient. IP- 1. 92. 1. 68. Installing NFS Server and NFS Client. We need to install NFS packages on our NFS Server as well as on NFS Client machine. We can install it via “yum” (Red Hat Linux) and “apt- get” (Debian and Ubuntu) package installers.[[email protected] ~]# yum install nfs- utils nfs- utils- lib. NFSv. 4)[[email protected] ~]# apt- get install nfs- utils nfs- utils- lib. Now start the services on both machines.[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init. After installing packages and starting services on both the machines, we need to configure both the machines for file sharing. Setting Up the NFS Server. First we will be configuring the NFS server. Configure Export directory. For sharing a directory with NFS, we need to make an entry in “/etc/exports” configuration file. Here I’ll be creating a new directory named “nfsshare” in “/” partition to share with client server, you can also share an already existing directory with NFS.[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /nfsshare. Now we need to make an entry in “/etc/exports” and restart the services to make our directory shareable in the network.[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/exports. In the above example, there is a directory in / partition named “nfsshare” is being shared with client IP “1. IP in above example. NFS Options. Some other options we can use in “/etc/exports” file for file sharing is as follows. With the help of this option we can provide read only access to the shared files i. This option allows the client server to both read and write access within the shared directory. Sync confirms requests to the shared directory only once the changes have been committed. This option prevents the subtree checking. When a shared directory is the subdirectory of a larger file system, nfs performs scans of every directory above it, in order to verify its permissions and details. Disabling the subtree check may increase the reliability of NFS, but reduce security. This phrase allows root to connect to the designated directory. For more options with “/etc/exports“, you are recommended to read the man pages for export. Setting Up the NFS Client. After configuring the NFS server, we need to mount that shared directory or partition in the client server. Mount Shared Directories on NFS Client. Now at the NFS client end, we need to mount that directory in our server to access it locally. To do so, first we need to find out that shares available on the remote server or NFS Server.[[email protected] ~]# showmount - e 1. Export list for 1. Above command shows that a directory named “nfsshare” is available at “1. Mount Shared NFS Directory. To mount that shared NFS directory we can use following mount command.[[email protected] ~]# mount - t nfs 1. The above command will mount that shared directory in “/mnt/nfsshare” on the client server. You can verify it following command.[[email protected] ~]# mount | grep nfs. The above mount command mounted the nfs shared directory on to nfs client temporarily, to mount an NFS directory permanently on your system across the reboots, we need to make an entry in “/etc/fstab“.[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/fstab. Add the following new line as shown below. Test the Working of NFS Setup. We can test our NFS server setup by creating a test file on the server end and check its availability at nfs client side or vice- versa. At the nfsserver end. I have created a new text file named “nfstest. This is a test file to test the working of NFS server setup. At the nfsclient end. Go to that shared directory in client server and you’ll find that shared file without any manual refresh or service restart.[[email protected]]# ll /mnt/nfsshare. Sep 2. 1 2. 1: 4. This is a test file to test the working of NFS server setup. Removing the NFS Mount. If you want to unmount that shared directory from your server after you are done with the file sharing, you can simply unmount that particular directory with “umount” command. See this example below.[email protected] ~]# umount /mnt/nfsshare. You can see that the mounts were removed by then looking at the filesystem again.[[email protected] ~]# df - h - F nfs. You’ll see that those shared directories are not available any more. Important commands for NFSSome more important commands for NFS. Shows the available shares on your local machineshowmount - e< server- ip or hostname> : Lists the available shares at the remote servershowmount - d : Lists all the sub directoriesexportfs - v : Displays a list of shares files and options on a serverexportfs - a : Exports all shares listed in /etc/exports, or given nameexportfs - u : Unexports all shares listed in /etc/exports, or given nameexportfs - r : Refresh the server’s list after modifying /etc/exports. This is it with NFS mounts for now, this was just a start, I’ll come up with more option and features of NFS in our future articles. Till then, Stay connected with Tecmint. Do leave your comments and suggestions below in the comment box. Plan VMM installation | Microsoft Docs. Applies To: System Center 2. Virtual Machine Manager. This article helps you to plan all the elements required for a successful System Center 2. Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) installation. Deployment requirements. Verify the following: Additional deployment requirements. Component. Details. Command line utilities for SQL Server. SQL Server 2. 01. If you want to deploy VMM services using SQL Server data- tier apps, install the related command- line utilities on the VMM management server. The version you install should match the SQL Server version. You don't have to install these to install VMM. Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (ADK)Windows ADK for Windows 1. You can install from setup, or download it. You only need the Deployment Tools and Windows Preinstallation Environment options. Guest operating system. Windows operating systems supported by Hyper- V. Linux (Cent. OS, RHEL, Debian, Oracle Linux, SUSE, Ubuntu)Power. Shell. Supported versions. NETSupported versions. Host agent. VMM 2. Needed for hosts managed in VMM. Monitoring. System Center Operations Manager 2. You also need SQL Server Analysis Services 2. VMwarev. Center 5. ESX 5. 5, ESX 6. 0v. Center and ESX servers running these versions can be managed in VMM. Bare metal provisioning. System Management Architecture for Server Hardware (SMASH) (v. WS- MAN. Intelligent Platform Interface 1. Data Center Manager Interface (DCMI) 1. Required to discover and deploy physical bare metal servers. SPNIf the VMM user installing VMM, or running VMM setup, doesn't have permissions to write the service principal name (SPN) for the VMM server in Active Directory, setup will finish with a warning. If the SPN isn't registered, other computers running the VMM console won't be able to connect to the management server, and you won't be able to deploy a Hyper- V host on a bare metal computer in the VMM fabric. To avoid this issue, you need to register the SPN as a domain administrator before you install VMM, as follows: Run these commands from \Windows\System. SCVMM/< Machine. BIOSName> < VMMService. Account>. setspn - s - u SCVMM/< Machine. FQDN> < VMMService. Account> For a cluster, should be / and should be On the VMM server (or on each node in a cluster), in the registry, navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager Server\Setup. Set Vmm. Service. Principal. Names to SCVMM/,SCVMM/. For a cluster: SCVMM/,SCVMM/. If you can't do this, you can also register the SPN during VMM installation. A domain administrator can provide the SPN write permissions to VMM service user or setup user. Note that this approach isn't the preferred one. The permission allows the delegated user to register any service. Principal. Name, with no restrictions. Hence, the delegated user should be highly trusted, and the account credentials must be kept secure. To do this: Run adsiedit as a domain administrator. Navigate to find the VMM service user. Right- click Properties > Security > Advanced. Then click Add, and in Select a principal, specify user who will be granted the permissions. Select Write service. Principal. Name > OK . When you install VMM with this user account SPN will be registered. VMM management server. You can't run the VMM management server on Nano server. The management server computer name cannot exceed 1. Don’t install the VMM management server, or other System Center components other than agents, on servers running Hyper- V. You can install the VMM management server on a VM. If you do, and you use the Dynamic Memory feature of Hyper- V, then you must set the startup RAM for the virtual machine to be at least 2,0. MB). If you want to manage more than 1. VMM management server and do the following: Add one or more remote computers as library servers, and do not use the default library share on the VMM management server. Don't run the SQL Server instance on the VMM management server. For high availability, the VMM management server can be installed on a failover cluster. Learn more. SQL Server and database. The instance of SQL Server that you are using must allow for case- insensitive database objects. The SQL Server’s computer name cannot exceed 1. If the VMM management server and the SQL Server computer are not members of the same Active Directory domain, then a two- way trust must exist between the two domains. When you install SQL Server, select the Database Engine Services and Management Tools - Complete features. You can perform an in- place upgrade to a supported version of SQL Server (without moving the VMM database). Make sure no jobs are running when you perform the upgrade, or jobs may fail and may need to be restarted manually. For the VMM database, for better performance, do not store database files on the disk that is used for the operating system. If you are using Software Defined Networking (SDN) in VMM, then all networking information is stored in the VMM database. Because of this, you might want to consider high availability for the VMM database, using the following guidelines: Failover clustering is supported and is the recommended configuration for availability within a single geographical area or datacenter. Read more. Use of Always On Availability Groups in Microsoft SQL Server is supported, but it's important to review the differences between the two availability modes, synchronous- commit and asynchronous- commit. Learn more. With asynchronous- commit mode, the replica of the database can be out of date for a period of time after each commit. This can make it appear as if the database were back in time which might cause loss of customer data, inadvertent disclosure of information, or possibly elevation of privilege. You can use synchronous- commit mode as a configuration for remote- site availability scenarios. The SQL Server service must use an account that has permission to access Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS). For example, you can specify the Local System Account, or a domain user account. Do not specify a local user account. You don't need to configure collation. During deployment, Setup automatically configures CI collation according to the language of the server operating system. Dynamic port is supported. If you want to create the VMM database prior to VMM installation: Make sure you have permissions or create a SQL database, or ask the SQL Server admin to do it. Configure the database as follows: Create a new database with settings: Name: Virtual. Manager. DB; Collation: Latin. General_1. 00_CI_AS, but aligned with the specific SQL Server instance collation. Grant db_owner permissions for the database to the VMM service account. In VMM setup you'll select the option to use an existing database and specify the database details and VMM service account as the database user. Library server. If you run the library server on the VMM management server, then you must provide additional hard disk space to store objects. The space required varies, based on the number and size of the objects you store. The library server is where VMM stores items such as virtual machine templates, virtual hard disks, virtual floppy disks, ISO images, scripts, and stored virtual machines. The optimal hardware requirements that are specified for a VMM library server vary, depending on the quantity and size of these files. You will need to check CPU usage, and other system state variables to determine what works best in your environment. If you want to manage Virtual hard disks in the . VMM library server must run Windows Server 2. VMM does not provide a method for replicating physical files in the VMM library or a method for transferring metadata for objects that are stored in the VMM database. Instead, if necessary, you need to replicate physical files outside of VMM, and you need to transfer metadata by using scripts or other means. VMM does not support file servers that are configured with the case- sensitive option for Windows Services for UNIX, because the Network File System (NFS) case control is set to Ignore. Account and domain requirements. When you install VMM you need to configure the VMM service to use either the Local System account or a domain account. Note the following before you prepare an account: It is not supported to change the identity of the Virtual Machine Manager service account after installation.
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