Insecticidal Activity. University, Bhopal 462026, M.P., India) CNS activity of Calotropis gigantea roots. of South-East Asia No. 17: Fiber Plants. What is Calotropis gigantea? Calotropis gigantea is a species of. Calotropis yields a durable fiber. Fungicidal and insecticidal properties of Calotropis have. Crown Flower Seeds (Calotropis gigantea)Price for Package of 5 seeds. Calotropis gigantea (crown flower) is a species of Calotropis native to Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, China, Pakistan, Nepal, and tropical Africa. It is a large shrub growing to 4 m (1. It has clusters of waxy flowers that are either white or lavender in colour. Each flower consists of five pointed petals and a small "crown" rising from the center which holds the stamens. The aestivation found in calotropis is valvate i. The plant has oval, light green leaves and milky stem.
The latex of Calotropis gigantea contains cardiac glycosides, fatty acids, and calcium oxalate. Uses. The flowers are long lasting, and in Thailand they are used in floral arrangements. The extract of flowers and leaves have shown hypoglycemic effect in preclinical studies.[4] They were favored by the Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani, who considered them a symbol of royalty and wore them strung into leis. ![]() ![]() While in Cambodia, they are used in funerals to decorate the urn or sarcophagus and the interior of the house holding the funeral. The fruit is a follicle and when dry, seed dispersal is by wind. In Indonesia its flowers are called widuri. According to Shivpuran (Hindu religion) madar flower /crown flower is very much liked by Lord Shiva therefore crown flower and its garland is offered to Lord Shiva for peace, prosperity and stability in society.[5] Crown flower is also one of the major part of nine astrological trees (Navagrah tree). Crown flower cotton can also be used to make a pillow. Calotropis yields a durable fiber (commercially known as bowstring of India) useful for ropes, carpets, fishing nets, and sewing thread. Floss, obtained from seeds, is used as stuffing. Fermented mixture of Calotropis and salt is used to remove the hair from goat skins for production of "nari leather" and of sheep skins to make leather which is much used for inexpensive book binding. Fungicidal and insecticidal properties of Calotropis have been reported. In India, the plant is common in the compounds of temples and is known as madar in Hindi: मदार. Its leaf (Marathi: rui) is one of the five leaves used in the Panch Pallava, a ritual assortment of five different leaves used as a totem by the Maratha culture in India. It is known as වරා (waraa) in Sinhala, aakonda in Bengali, erukku (എരുക്ക്) in Malayalam and ark (अर्क) in Sanskrit. Pollination. This plant plays host to a variety of insects and butterflies. It is the host plant for Hawaii's non- migratory monarch butterflies.[3] Calotropis is an example of entomophily pollination (pollination by insects) and pollination is achieved with the help of bees. In Calotropis, gynostegium is present (formed by the fusion of stigma and androecium). The pollen are in a structure named pollinia which is attached to a glandular, adhesive disc at the stigmatic angle (translator mechanism). These sticky discs get attached to the legs of visiting bees that pull out pollinia when a bee moves away. When such a bee visits another flower, this flower might be pollinated by the pollinium. Allelopathic effects. Allelopathic effects of Calotropis on different agricultural crops have been well studied. Extracts of plant parts such as root, stem, and leaf affect germination and seedling vigor of many agricultural crops. However, extracts of Calotropis failed to produce any detrimental effects on weeds such as Chenopodium album, Melilotus alba, Melilotus indica, Sphaeranthus indicus, and Phalaris minor. Poisoning. Calotropis is a poisonous plant. The active principles are uscharin, calotoxin, calactin, and calotropin. The leaves and stem when incised yield thick milky juice. It is used as an arrow poison, cattle poison (see also Sutari), rarely for suicide and homicide and mostly an accidental poison. The milky latex sap of Calotropis gigantea is a known cause of toxic keratoconjunctivitis and reversible vision loss. Crownflower keratitis is a rare condition and is usually the result of accidental ocular exposure to the sap. During the process of making a Hawaiian lei flower necklace, touching the sap and then touching the ocular surface may result in crownflower keratitis. Damage (poisoning) of the cornea endothelium results in corneal stromal edema and decreased visual acuity. Although there is some permanent damage to the corneal endothelium with decreased endothelial cell count and irregular shape, the remaining corneal endothelial cells usually recover with complete resolution of the corneal edema and a return to normal visual acuity. The condition is usually self- limited and resolves faster with topical steroids. The clinical course of this condition suggests that Calotropis is paradoxically relatively nontoxic to corneal epithelium and highly toxic to corneal endothelium. The painless clinical course may be related to anesthetic properties of Calotropis latex and relatively minor epithelial injury. Signs and symptoms. Applied to the skin, it causes redness and vesication. When taken orally, the juice produces an acrid, bitter taste and burning pain in throat and stomach, salivation, stomatitis, vomiting, diarrhea, dilated pupils, tetanic convulsions, collapse and death. The fatal period is 6 to 1. Treatment includes stomach wash, demulcents, and symptomatic treatment. Mosquito controlling property. C. gigantea is reported to exhibit mosquito controlling properties against Culex gelidus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes which serve as vectors for Japanese encephalitis. The aqueous extract of the C. Insecticidal activities and active components of the alcohol extract from green peel of Juglans mandshurica. Abstract. The extract of green peel of Juglans mandshurica Maxim was extracted by common method for studying its insecticidal activities and analyzing the active components. Results. showed that the alcohol extract and the chloroform part of extract (separated with chloroform from alcohol extract) form green. J. mandshurica have insecticidal activities in contact toxicity and stomach toxicity against larvae of Lymantria dispar L. After application of the extracts for five days, the corrected mortality of larvae of Lymantria dispar for both extracts was more than 5. L−1. The insecticidal activity for both alcohol extract and chloroform part of extract is more effect in contact toxicity than. The active components in the chloroform part of extract from green peel of J. GC- MS. The analyzed results showed that the active components in the chloroform part of extract are: (1). Naphthalenediol, the relative content 9. Methoxy- 1- tetralone, the relative content 6. Benzofuran, 2,3- dihydro- , the relative content 6. Hydroxy- 2- methoxycinnamaldehyde. Methoxy- 4- vinylphenol, the relative content 3.
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Every week we put together an informal list of box office picks for the upcoming weekend to offer readers a rough estimate of how new releases (and returning holdovers) will perform in theaters. For a recap of last week’s box office totals, read our box office wrap- up from Transformers: The Last Knight‘s opening weekend, and scroll to the bottom of this post to see how our picks matched up. Full disclosure: Box office predictions are not an exact science. We acknowledge our picks may not always be correct. For the sake of offering a jumping off point for discussion, here are our picks for the weekend of June 3. July 2, 2. 01. 7. This weekend, Despicable Me 3 opens in 4,5. Baby Driver plays in 3,2. The House debuts in 3,1. Despicable Me 3. The easy choice for first this weekend is Despicable Me 3 (read our review), which is the latest installment in Illumination Entertainment’s popular franchise. Batman In Crime Wave Hacked Zombie DefenseBatman In Crime Wave Hacked Zombie Tower![]() To date, the animation powerhouse has released two mainline films and a spinoff in the form of Minions, and all entries have been successful. Back in 2. 01. 3, Despicable Me 2 grossed $3. Minions wasn’t far behind at $3. This particular property seems to have more appeal than Pixar’s Cars 3, meaning it will be in good position for a strong showing even though the family demographic just had a new animated film a couple weeks ago. Thanks to a visible marketing campaign, awareness is high, and it’s safe to say anything with the adorable Minions will sell well to general audiences. ![]() Despicable Me 3 also scored mostly positive reviews, with many pundits feeling it has the right amount of heart and humor to keep fans interested – even if it doesn’t break new ground for the franchise as a whole. That word- of- mouth will make it a good option for parents looking to keep their kids occupied over the weekend. Projections have it pegged for around $8. Regardless, the Despicable Me brand is as strong as ever and will rule the box office this Independence Day.#2 – Baby Driver. Our pick for second is Baby Driver (read our review), the latest film by fan- favorite writer/director Edgar Wright. Though he has the loyal support of many cinephiles, Wright has never been much of a commercial draw. To date, his highest- grossing film is Scott Pilgrim vs. World, which earned just $3. His Cornetto trilogy (consisting of Shaun of the Dead, Hot Fuzz, and The World’s End) likewise were destined for cult status, barely making an impact financially. However, with Baby Driver, Wright seems to have broken out into the mainstream and should have a bona fide hit on his hands. Buzz has been building ever since the film premiered at festivals earlier this year, and the verdict is Baby Driver is an exhilarating moviegoing experience that should be seen on the big screen. That word- of- mouth might encourage those who weren’t already onboard with it (i. A slick, stylish, and original heist film, Baby Driver could also strike a chord for people looking for a break from the typical big- budget summer fare. Because it opened on Wednesday, the film’s intake for the three- day weekend may take a small hit (as viewers interested may have already seen it), but it’s poised to have a fruitful debut. Tracking suggests $2. Friday- Sunday and $3. Transformers: The Last Knight. Look for last week’s champ, Transformers: The Last Knight (read our review), to slide to third in its second weekend. Paramount’s cash cow is starting to show signs of franchise fatigue in the United States, as this fifth installment posted the lowest- debut the series has seen with $6. While it’s doing very well worldwide, the movie is struggling domestically and should have an uphill climb with some high- profile new releases coming out. The reviews for both Despicable Me 3 and Baby Driver are much more positive than Transformers, so casual viewers have no real incentive to spend more time with Optimus Prime. Tentpoles like The Last Knight typically see a noticeable decline in their second weekend, and Transformers 5 should be no different.#4 – Wonder Woman. Coming in fourth should be Wonder Woman (read our review), which came in second last week with $2. The latest installment in the DC Extended Universe continues to perform very well at the box office, becoming the highest- grossing installment in the series. It’s had quite the run for itself, but after nearly a month in theaters, it’s going to cool off a bit before the next wave of franchise sequels comes in.#5 – Cars 3. Rounding out the top five should be Cars 3 (read our review). Pixar’s newest film made $2. It’s apparent there isn’t much interest in what has always been a tough sell for the animation giant, and with the arrival of Despicable Me 3, the demand will only go down. There may not be a Cars 4 if this keeps up. Last Week’s Recap. Our Picks: Transformers: The Last Knight. Cars 3. Wonder Woman. All Eyez On Me. The Mummy. Actuals: Transformers: The Last Knight. Wonder Woman. Cars 3. Meters Down. The Mummy. Next Week: Spider- Man: Homecoming, Despicable Me 3, and more! Sources: Box Office Mojo (Release Schedule), Box Office (Opening Weekend Projections). Musik Torrent Tracker Sound Park – Gratis Musik Download. Sound Park ist ein Musik Portal und ein Torrent Tracker. Hier kannst du Musik via Torrent gratis downloaden und ohne Registrierung. Neue Musik aus den Jahren 2. Seite verfügbar. Rock, Electronic (club and dancing music), Rap, Hip- hop und andere Musik jeder Stilrichtung. 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Nur Gratis Musik. Sound Park ist ein Musik Portal und ein Torrent Tracker. Hier kannst du Musik via Torrent gratis downloaden und ohne Registrierung. Goss Bails 5/5. Compare timeline – talon – Lam/Cunningham – Sjc hrg w/ - AGAG - whitehousere 5/4 memo – doj – ovphttp: //www. FPq. 9so. 6COk. I#! And see actual 5/4 memo at site: “video”Xa caci computer – doj – iseman – mccain – Xa 5. Note fam links from goss to bush – And from bush to Bloomington – david davis – xa yale goss fam – bush fam – kjell – Carlyle - todwdelaney@gmail. Tue, Jan 1. 6, 2. PMsubjectgossmailed- bygmail. Images are not displayed. Display images below. How the CIA Came Unglued. Washington Post, The (DC)May 1. Author: David Ignatius Estimated printed pages: 3 To understand what went so badly wrong at the CIA under Porter Goss, it's worth examining the career of his executive director, the onomatopoetic Kyle "Dusty" Foggo. His rise illustrates the conservative cronyism, leak paranoia and political vendettas that undermined Goss's tenure. Foggo was an affable employee of the CIA's Directorate of Support, managing logistical activities in Germany, when he came to the attention of then- Rep. Goss and his aides on the House intelligence committee. Foggo is said to have endeared himself to Goss and his staff director, Patrick Murray, by facilitating trips overseas for members of the House panel. When Goss and Murray arrived at the CIA in the fall of 2. No. 3 job of executive director was a former CIA officer named Michael Kostiw, who had many friends in conservative political circles. Loading article contents, please wait. Sat - The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) Page 2 - Advertising On this Page 2. Merci ^^Et si tu veux les lire, je te conseille de les emprunter d'abord pour te faire une idée, parce que l'ordre des intégrales est hautement discutable. In 2015, they made Sickle Blade, Bigoo, Bubble (display type), Pipe (art deco), Shuimu. Insurance Maps (inspired by the Sanborn Map. Graffiti fonts. But Kostiw's nomination was sabotaged when a CIA insider leaked the fact that he had once been accused of shoplifting. The charges were dropped after Kostiw resigned and agreed to seek counseling. Kostiw's past made him an inappropriate choice for such a senior position, in the view of many career CIA officers, but to Murray the leak was evidence of a liberal cabal at the CIA that was determined to obstruct the Bush administration's agenda. The dosing pump draws through a settling pipe which has a diameter double that of the suction pipe. leaking package 2, record 27, English, leaking%20package. UMCOR works globally to alleviate human suffering and advance hope and. stainless pipe 22 août 2017 at 15 h 52. leaking basement wall 12 septembre 2017 at 19 h. ![]() Goss's second choice for executive director was the ingratiating logistical officer. As is standard procedure with such senior appointments, Murray and other senior aides were briefed on Foggo's file, which included what one former CIA official describes as instances of "dumb personal behavior." The briefers included Mary Margaret Graham, then chief of counterintelligence, and Jeanette Moore, then head of the Office of Security, who, according to ABC News, had once reprimanded Foggo about alleged insubordination, though the CIA says a formal letter was never filed. Murray rejected the material about Foggo as petty and is said to have warned Graham, "If this leaks, you're dead." Foggo was duly installed on the seventh floor and, to the amusement of his colleagues, began placing pictures of himself prominently around headquarters. Meanwhile, a period of internal bloodletting ensued that was worthy of the Soviet NKVD under Joseph Stalin. The associate deputy chief of the CIA's Directorate of Operations, Michael Sulick, complained angrily to Murray about his tongue- lashing of Graham, arguing that he was treating CIA officers as if they were Democratic congressional staffers. An indignant Murray thereupon demanded that Sulick be fired for insubordination. His boss, Operations Deputy Director Stephen Kappes, refused Murray's demand, and both he and Sulick resigned. Water Leaks Behind WallsThe political fallout from Foggo's appointment continued. Graham left in 2. John Negroponte. Moore, the head of security who had reprimanded Foggo, soon retired; at the time she was the agency's highest- ranking African American woman. And what became of Foggo? As executive director, he is said to have continued as an aggressive CIA logistician, though that sometimes put him crossways with the new DNI structure and magnified the tension between Goss and Negroponte. Foggo also carried on Murray's cold war with the operations directorate, telling agency colleagues that no unit at the CIA was more important than any other and that, in a phrase meant to urge unity, "We're all purple." The sad last act of the Foggo drama involves allegations of corruption. It turned out that he had attended poker parties hosted by his old school pal Brent R. Wilkes, a military contractor whose activities were described in the bribery indictment of former representative Randy "Duke" Cunningham (R- Calif.). According to the San Diego Union- Tribune, the CIA inspector general's office has been investigating whether Foggo, back when he was a support officer in Germany, helped steer to one of Wilkes's companies, Archer Logistics, a roughly $3 million contract to supply bottled water to CIA operatives in Afghanistan and Iraq. Foggo, who resigned from the CIA on Monday, has denied any wrongdoing. The chronic mismanagement of the CIA under Goss and Murray has been an open secret for many months, and the real question is why it took the Bush White House so long to fix it. When I posed this question a few weeks ago to a senior administration official, he repeated the line that the agency was full of leakers and obstructionists. The political vendetta against the CIA went to the top, in other words. It did real damage to the country before President Bush finally called a halt. TIMEGoss: CIA resignation 'one of those mysteries'Share this on: MM May 0. Porter Goss said Saturday that his surprise resignation as CIA director is "just one of those mysteries," offering no other explanation for his sudden departure after almost two years on the job. Although the ex- congressman declined to comment, intelligence sources have told CNN that Goss' resignation on Friday was triggered by differences with National Intelligence Director John Negroponte over plans to move staff, including analysts from the CIA's counterterrorism center, to other intelligence agencies. As for Goss' replacement, President Bush has settled on Air Force Gen. Michael Hayden as his choice, senior administration officials told CNN, and an announcement is planned for Monday. TIME. com: The Incredible Shrinking CIA)Hayden, 6. Negroponte and former director of the super- secret National Security Agency. The new CIA director must be confirmed by the Senate, which may bring Hayden's tenure as NSA director in 2. Bush authorized a controversial anti- terrorism spy program. Without court warrants, the NSA monitored the communications of people inside the United States who were in contact with suspected terrorists outside the country. Critics - - many of whom are members of the Senate - - charge the surveillance program is a violation of law and an assault on civil liberties. Hayden has defended it, insisting that it is a necessary tool to thwart terrorists and that the process of obtaining warrants is too slow and cumbersome to deal with "a lethal enemy."An intelligence source with detailed knowledge of the discussions surrounding Goss' departure told CNN that after Goss resisted the changes, Negroponte sought White House backing to resolve the impasse. Hayden was involved in the decision that Goss must go, the source said. A senior administration official said Goss' resignation was based on a "mutual understanding" between Bush, Goss and Negroponte."When you ask somebody to do very difficult things during a period of transition, it often makes sense to hand off the reins to somebody else to take the agency forward," the senior administration official said. An intelligence official told CNN that while there were differences of opinion between Goss and Negroponte, suggestions of any harsh exchanges between the two men were "just ridiculous, not remotely true."In April, a senior administration official told CNN that Goss would likely be out of the CIA post before the end of the summer. Goss and other senior intelligence officials have recently been interviewed by the president's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, which is looking into concerns that change was happening too slowly at the CIA. Goss said he would remain at the helm of the CIA for the "next few weeks" to oversee the transition to a new director. Mini Cooper pickup?! Mini Love | Pinterest.
![]() PC Cheats - Doom 3 Wiki Guide. This page contains a list of cheats, codes, Easter eggs, tips, and other secrets for Doom 3 for PC. If you've discovered a cheat you'd like to add to the page, or have a correction, please click EDIT and add it. Edit. Locker and Door Keypad Codes. Here are all of the locker and door keypad codes. Maintenance, Mars City- 3. Bullets)Monorail Access, Recycling 2- 4. S. Armor, Grenades, Plasma Cells, Clips)EPD Lab, Alpha Labs 1- 7. LMKs, S. Armor, Grenades, Clip)Alpha Labs Hall, Admin- 5. S. Armor, Grenades, Shells, Clip)Infirmary, Mars City- 3. LMK, S. Armour, Shells, Clip)Energy Stabilization, Mars City Underground- 5. LMK, Armor Shards, Shells)MFS Compressor, Alpha Labs 2- 4. S. Armor, Grenades, Clip)Coolant Control Junction, Alpha Labs 2- 1. S. Armor, Clips)Haz- Mat Lift, Alpha Labs 3- 1. Grenades, Clips)Coolant Monitoring, Alpha Labs 3- 1. LMK, Plasma Cell, Ammo Belt)EFR Staging Room 1. B, Alpha Labs 3- 1. Armor Shards)Security Office, Cummunications- 2. S. Armor, Grenades)Site 2 Boarding Platform, Monorail- 1. S. Armor, Rockets, Grenades)Power Core Access, En. Pro Plant- 9. 72 (SMK, Plasma Gun, Plasma Cell)EFR Master Valve, Alpha Labs 4- 6. Armor Shards, Plasma Cell, Clip)Delta Security Chk. Point, Monorail- 3. LMKs, Grenades, Clips)Delta Security Chk. Hello! Use of our materials is possible only with a direct link to the source. All game cheats posted on GTrainers.com belong to their respective owners. ![]() Point, Monorail- 3. LMKs, Grenades, Clips)Maintenance Hall, Delta Labs Level 2. B- 2. 59 (LMK, Plasma Cells, Shells)Delta 4 Security, Delta Labs Level 4- 5. S. Armor, Rockets, Ammo Belt)Records Office, Delta 2. A- 5. 38 (Armor Shards, Shotgun, Cells)Poperations Server Room, Delta 2. A- 7. 15 (S. Armor, Backpack, Clip)Delta Security, Delta 2. A- 9. 72 (LMK, S. Armor, Plasma Gun, BFG Cell)Specimen Research Lab, Delta 2. B- 6. 24 (Plasma Cell, Shells, Bullets)Specimen Research Lab, Delta 2. B- 6. 24 (S. Armor, Grenades, BFG Cell)Stasis Transfer Control, Delta 2. B- 3. 71 (Plasma Cells, Shells, Clip)Storage Room 2. D, Delta 1- 2. 98 (LMK, S. Armor, Rockets, Grenades)Terminal Office Storage, Delta 4- 8. LMKs, S. Armor, Rockets, Clips, Bullets)T1 Access, Delta 3- 8. LMKs, Ammo Belt, Clip, Bullets)T1 Access, Delta 3- 8. LMK, S. Armor, Rocket, Grenades, Clip)Entrance Chk. Point, CPU Complex- 5. Rocket Launcher, Rockets, Grenades)Analysis Control, Delta 2. B- 5. 72 (S. Armor, Enemy (Imp))Lab A Upper Floors, CPU Complex- 4. S. Armor, Grenades, Plasma Cells)North Hallway, Admin- 0. S. Armor,Chaingun, Ammo Belt)Secure Storage, Delta 2. B- 0. 50. 8 (S. Armor, BFG)Marine Command, Mars City 2- 5. LMK, S. Armor, Shotguns, Machine Guns, Shells, Clips)Maintenance, En. Pro Plant - 7. 34 (LMK, SMKs, S. Armor, Armor Shards, Plasma Gun, Plasma Cell)Enter IDDQD or IDKFA as a code in the console, and get a nifty message. Your memory serves you well". And it sure does, these are two cheats from the first doom. Amplitude s_door. Distance. Add: reduce sound volume with this distance when going through a door s_dotbias. Sounds s_force. 22k. Hz s_global. Fraction: volume to all speakers when not spatialized s_max. Sounds. Per. Shader s_meter. Top. Time s_min. Volume. Volume. 6 s_no. Sound s_number. Of. Speakers: number of speakers s_play. Default. Sound: play a beep for missing sounds s_quadratic. Falloff s_real. Time. Decoding s_reverse s_show. Level. Meter s_show. Start. Sound s_single. Emitter: mute all sounds but this emitter s_spatialization. Decay s_sub. Fraction: volume to subwoofer in 5. Occlusion s_volume_d. B: volume in d. B sensitivity: mouse view sensitivity si_frag. Limit: frag limit si_game. Type: game type - singleplayer, deathmatch, Tourney, Team DM or Last Man si_map: map to be played next on server si_version: engine version si_warmup: do pre- game warmup sys_arch sys_cpustring sys_lang timescale: scales the time ui_auto. Reload: auto reload weapon ui_auto. Switch: auto switch weapon ui_name: player name ui_ready: player is ready to start playing ui_show. Gun: show gun ui_skin: player skin ui_spectate: play or spectate ui_team: player team win_allow. Multiple. Instances: allow multiple instances running concurrently win_notaskkeys: disable windows task keys win_output. Debug. String win_output. Edit. String win_timer. Update: allows the game to be updated while dragging the window win_username: windows user name win_viewlog win_xpos: horizontal position of window win_ypos: vertical position of window < b> Commands for all you marines out there!< /b> aas. Stats: shows AAS stats addarrow: adds a debug arrow add. Chat. Line: internal use - core to game chat lines addline: adds a debug line avi. Cmd. Demo: writes AVIs for a command demo avi. Demo: writes AVIs for a demo avi. Game: writes AVIs for the current game benchmark: benchmark bind: binds a command to a key bind. Ragdoll: binds ragdoll at the current drag position bindunbindtwo: binds a key but unbinds it first if there are more than two binds blinkline: blinks a debug line centerview: centers the view check. New. Version: check if a new version of the game is available clear: clears the console clear. Lights: clears all lights client. Drop. Weapon: drop current weapon client. Message. Mode: ingame gui message mode client. Voice. Chat: voice chats: client. Voice. Chat client. Voice. Chat. Team: team voice chats: client. Voice. Chat close. View. Notes: close the view showing any notes for this map collision. Model. Info: shows collision model info combine. Cube. Images: combines six images for roq compression compress. Demo: compresses a demo file con. Dump: dumps the console text to a file connect: connects to a server crash: causes a crash cvar_restart: restart the cvar system damage: apply damage to an entity debugger: launches the Script Debugger delete. Selected: deletes selected entity demo. Shot: writes a screenshot for a demo devmap: loads a map in developer mode dir: lists a folder dirtree: lists a folder with subfolders disasm. Script: disassembles script disconnect: disconnects from a game dmap: compiles a map echo: prints text edit. AFs: launches the in- game Articulated Figure Editor edit. Decls: launches the in- game Declaration Editor edit. GUIs: launches the GUI Editor edit. Lights: launches the in- game Light Editor editor: launches the level editor Radiant edit. Particles: launches the in- game Particle Editor edit. PDAs: launches the in- game PDA Editor edit. Scripts: launches the in- game Script Editor edit. Sounds: launches the in- game Sound Editor envshot: takes an environment shot error: causes an error exec: executes a config file exec. Machine. Spec: execs the appropriate config files and sets cvars based on com_machine. Spec exit: exits the game exit. Cmd. Demo: exits a command demo exportmodels: exports models finish. Build: finishes the build process freeze: freezes the game for a number of seconds game_memory: displays game class info game. Error: causes a game error game. Kick: same as kick, but recognizes player names getviewpos: prints the current view position gfx. Info: show graphics info give: gives one or more items god: enables god mode heartbeat: send a heartbeat to the the master servers help: shows help hitch: hitches the game in_restart: restarts the input system keep. Test. Model: keeps the last test model in the game kick: kick a client by connection number kill: kills the player kill. Monsters: removes all monsters kill. Moveables: removes all moveables kill. Ragdolls: removes all ragdolls LANScan: scans LAN for servers list. Active. Entities: lists active game entities list. AF: lists articulated figures list. Anims: lists all animations list. Audios: lists Audios list. Binds: lists key bindings list. Classes: lists game classes list. Cmds: lists commands list. Collision. Models: lists collision models list. Cvars: lists cvars list. Decls: lists all decls list. Dict. Keys: lists all keys used by dictionaries list. Doom (1. 99. 3 video game) - Wikipedia. Doom. Developer(s)id Software[a]Publisher(s)GT Interactive[b]Designer(s)John Romero. Sandy Petersen. American Mc. Gee. Shawn Green. Tom Hall. Programmer(s)John Carmack. John Romero. Dave Taylor. Artist(s)Adrian Carmack. Kevin Cloud. Writer(s)Tom Hall. Composer(s)Robert Prince[c]Series. Doom. Engine. Doom engine. Platform(s)MS- DOS, Acorn Archimedes, i. OS, Sega 3. 2X, Atari Jaguar, SNES, Play. Station, 3. DO, Sega Saturn, Game Boy Advance, Play. Station 3, Xbox 3. Release. December 1. MS- DOSNA: December 1. EU: 1. 99. 3Sega 3. XNA: November 2. 1, 1. EU: 1. 99. 4AU: 1. Atari Jaguar. SNESNA: September 1, 1. EU: October 2. 6, 1. Play. Station. NA: November 1. EU: December 1. 99. DOSega Saturn. NA: March 3. EU: 1. 99. 7Acorn Archimedes. Game Boy Advance. NA: October 2. 8, 2. EU: November 1. 6, 2. Xbox 3. 60i. OSEU: October 3. NA: October 3. 1, 2. Play. Station 3. Genre(s)First- person shooter. Mode(s)Single- player, multiplayer. Doom (typeset as DOOM in official documents)[1] is a 1. FPS) video game by id Software. It is considered one of the most significant and influential titles in video game history, for having helped to pioneer the now- ubiquitous first- person shooter. The original game was divided into three nine- level episodes and was distributed via shareware and mail order. The Ultimate Doom, an updated release of the original game featuring a fourth episode, was released in 1. In Doom, players assume the role of an unnamed space marine, who became popularly known as "Doomguy", fighting his way through hordes of invading demons from Hell.[2] With one- third of the game (nine levels) distributed as shareware, Doom was played by an estimated 1. In addition to popularizing the FPS genre, it pioneered immersive 3. D graphics, networked multiplayer gaming, and support for customized additions and modifications via packaged files in a data archive known as "WADs". As a sign of its effect on the industry, first- person shooter games from the genre's boom in the 1. Doom clones". Its graphic violence, as well as satanic imagery, made Doom the subject of considerable controversy. The Doom franchise was later continued with the follow- up Doom II: Hell on Earth (1. Master Levels for Doom II (1. Final Doom (1. 99. Originally released for MS- DOS, the games have been ported to numerous other platforms. Once the game's source code was released in 1. The series started to lose mainstream appeal as the technology of the Doom game engine was surpassed in the mid- 1. Wads, speedruns, and modifications to the original. The franchise again received popular attention in 2. Doom 3, a retelling of the original game using id Tech 4, with an associated 2. Doom motion picture. Another release, simply titled Doom and powered by id Tech 6, was released in 2. Doom, a science fiction/horror themed video game, has a background which is given in the game's instruction manual; the rest of the story is advanced with short messages displayed between each section of the game (called episodes), the action as the player character progresses through the levels, and some visual cues. The player takes the role of an unnamed space marine ("Doomguy") who has been punitively posted to Mars after assaulting his commanding officer, who ordered his unit to fire on civilians. The Martian space marine base acts as security for the Union Aerospace Corporation, a multi- planetary conglomerate, which is performing secret experiments with teleportation by creating gateways between the two moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos. Mars is considered by space marines to be the dullest assignment imaginable. This all changes when the UAC experiments go horribly wrong. Computer systems on Phobos malfunction, Deimos disappears entirely, and "something fragging evil" starts pouring out of the gateway, killing or possessing all UAC personnel. Responding to a frantic distress call from the overrun scientists, the Martian marine unit is quickly sent by ship from Mars to Phobos to investigate, where the player character is left to guard the perimeter with only a pistol while the rest of the group proceeds inside. The marine hears assorted radio messages, gunfire, and screams, followed by silence: "Seems your buddies are dead." The player cannot navigate the ship off of Phobos alone and sees that the only way out is to fight through the Phobos complex. As the last man standing, the player character's mission is to fight through the entire onslaught of demonic enemies by himself in order to keep them from attacking Earth. Knee- Deep in the Dead, the first episode and the only one in the shareware version, is set in the high- tech military bases, power plants, computer centers and geological anomalies on Phobos. It ends with the player character entering the teleporter leading to Deimos, only to be overwhelmed by monsters. In the second episode, The Shores of Hell, the marine has successfully teleported to Deimos. He fights his way through installations on Deimos, similar to those on Phobos, but warped and distorted from the demon invasion and interwoven with beastly architecture. After defeating the titanic Cyberdemon, the marine discovers the truth about the vanished moon: it is floating above Hell. The third episode, called Inferno, begins after the marine climbs off Deimos to the surface. The marine fights his way through Hell and defeats the Spider Mastermind that planned the invasion. Then a hidden doorway back to Earth opens for the hero, who has "proven too tough for Hell to contain". However, a burning city and a rabbit's head impaled on a stake (named in The Ultimate Doom as the marine's pet rabbit, Daisy) show that the demons have invaded Earth, setting the stage for Hell on Earth. In The Ultimate Doom expansion, in the fourth episode Thy Flesh Consumed, it tells that the marine fought valiantly against the hordes of demons that the Spider Mastermind sent through that hidden doorway but ultimately the forces of Hell prevailed in the invasion of Earth. The locales of Thy Flesh Consumed are varied, including a mix of high- tech bases and demonic temples, though the atmosphere appears to be Earth. Gameplay[edit]. "Episode I: Knee- Deep in the Dead" takes place in the research, industrial and military facilities on the surface of Phobos. In the screenshot, the player armed with a chainsaw confronts a basic zombie marine on a bridge over a chemical waste storage. Being a first- person shooter, Doom is experienced through the eyes of the main character. This character is not named throughout the game. The game's designer, John Romero, has pointed out that this is so the player feels more involved in the game: "There was never a name for the DOOM marine because it's supposed to be you."[5] At its core, the gameplay is similar to classic shooter games, presenting the player with the challenge of surviving while shooting every enemy in sight, but with its pseudo- 3. Dfirst- person perspective giving environments a spatial representation that has a major effect on the level design and gameplay experience.[6]In order for the game to be completed, the marine must fight through Phobos, Deimos, and then Hell itself, each presented as an episode containing eight distinct levels, along with an optional ninth hidden level for each one. The Ultimate Doom, the retail store version of the game, adds a fourth episode, Thy Flesh Consumed. Set between the end of Doom and before Doom II and featuring the first contribution of Tim Willits to the Doom franchise, the fourth episode was designed for expert Doom players seeking a major challenge (being considerably more difficult than the original episodes). The objective of each level is simply to locate the exit room that leads to the next area, marked with an exit sign and/or a special kind of door, while surviving all hazards on the way. Among the obstacles are demonic monsters, pits of toxic or radioactive slime, ceilings that lower and crush anything below them, and locked doors which require a keycard, skull- shaped key device, or a remote switch to be located. The levels are sometimes labyrinthine and feature plenty of items such as additional ammo, health increases and other "power- ups" along the way, as well as the occasional secret areas which are not immediately obvious as a reward for players who explore more carefully. To ease navigation through the levels, a full screen automap is available and shows the areas explored to that point. |
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